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Doha

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Doha
الدوحة‎ ad-Dawḥa
From top: Qatar University, Museum of Islamic Art, Doha Skyline, Souq Waqif, The Pearl
Location of the municipality of Doha within Qatar.
Coordinates: 25°17′12″N 51°32′0″E / 25.28667°N 51.53333°E / 25.28667; 51.53333Coordinates: 25°17′12″N 51°32′0″E / 25.28667°N 51.53333°E / 25.28667; 51.53333
Country Qatar
Municipality Ad Dawhah
Established 1850
Area
 - City 132 km2 (51 sq mi)
Population (2004)[1]
 - City 339,847
 - Density 2,574/km2 (6,690/sq mi)
 - Metro 998,651
Time zone AST (UTC+3)
Doha (Arabic: الدوحة‎, ad-Dawḥa or ad-Dōḥa) is the capital city of Qatar. It has a population of 400,051 according to the 2005 census,[2] and is located in the Ad Dawhah municipality on the Persian Gulf. Doha is Qatar's largest city, with over 80% of the nation's population residing in Doha or its surrounding suburbs, and is also the economic center of the country. It is also the seat of government of Qatar, which is ruled by Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani–the current ruling Emir of Qatar. Doha is home to the Education City, an area devoted to research and education. Doha was the site of the first ministerial-level meeting of the Doha Development Round of World Trade Organization negotiations. The city of Doha also held the 2006 Asian Games, which was the largest Asian Games ever held.

Contents

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[edit] History

The Emiri Diwan.
In 1825, the city of Doha was founded under the name Al-Bida. The name "Doha" came from the Arabic ad-dawha, "the big tree." The reference is to a prominent tree that must have stood at the site where the original fishing village arose, on the eastern coast of the Qatar peninsula. In 1825, during the war between Qatar and Bahrain, Doha had been severely damaged and Abu Dhabi was helping Bahrain. The following year, the Ottomons made Sheikh Thani bin Muhammed the Hakim of Doha, and he ultimately became Hakim of Qatar.[3] In 1882, al Rayyan built the Al Wajbah fortress, in southwestern Doha. The following year, Sheikh Qassim led a Qatari army to victory against the Ottomans.
The city was made capital of the British protectorate of Qatar in 1916, and when the nation gained independence in 1971, Doha remained the capital of Qatar. The British placed the Al Thani family in charge as they were traditionally the administrators and clerks of the city, much to the distaste of another prominent family; the Al Kawaris based in Al Wakra who claimed to be decendent the "first son" of Muhammed (also father of Thani) and rightful rulers. This claim was backed up by the fact that "Thani" of course means second, coming from the Arabic word for two: "Ethnain". However such a claim has never been proven, and the Al Thanis deffinitly had the ability and experience to run the country, which other families likely would not have had to the same extent and is why Qatar has developed so greatly in the last 40 years.
In 1917, the Al Kout fortress, which is located in the center of the city, was built by Sheikh Abdulla Bin Qassim Al-Thani. Still, during the early 20th century, much of Qatar's economy depended on fishing and pearling, and Doha had about 350 pearling boats. However, after the introduction of the Japanese cultured pearls in the 1930s, the whole region, including the town of Doha, suffered a major depression and Qatar became a poor country, plunged into poverty. This lasted until in the late 1930s, when oil was discovered. However, the exploration and exportation was halted due to the second world war. Today the nation as a whole produces over 800,000 barrels of oil daily. In 1969, the Government House opened. Today it is considered to be Qatar's most prominent landmark.
In 1973 the University of Qatar opened, and in 1975 the Qatar National Museum opened in what was originally the ruler's palace in 1912. The Al Jazeera Arabic satellite television news channel began broadcasting in 1996, with headquarters and broadcast center in Doha. Sheikh Hamad Bin Khalifa Al-Thani currently rules in what some consider to be Qatar's most beautiful city.

[edit] Climate

[hide]Weather data for Doha
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 22.0
(72)		 23.0
(73)		 26.0
(79)		 31.0
(88)		 38.0
(100)		 40.5
(105)		 40.8
(105)		 40.1
(104)		 38.0
(100)		 35.0
(95)		 29.5
(85)		 24.0
(75)
Average low °C (°F) 12.5
(55)		 13.0
(55)		 16.0
(61)		 20.5
(69)		 24.5
(76)		 27.5
(82)		 29.0
(84)		 28.5
(83)		 26.0
(79)		 23.0
(73)		 19.0
(66)		 14.8
(59)
Rainfall mm (inches) 12.5
(0.49)		 17.0
(0.67)		 16.0
(0.63)		 09.0
(0.35)		 03.5
(0.14)		 00.0
(0)		 00.0
(0)		 00.0
(0)		 00.0
(0)		 01.0
(0.04)		 03.0
(0.12)		 12.0
(0.47)		 74.0
(2.91)
Avg. rainy days 4 4 5 4 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 4 24
Source: Allmetsat[4] July 5, 2008
Doha features an arid climate. It is situated in the Arabian Peninsula, and as such its climate is very hot. Temperatures average over 40 degrees Celsius (104 °F) from May to September, and humidity is variable. Dewpoints can reach above 25 degrees Celsius in the summer. During the summer months, the city averages almost no precipitation, and less than an inch (25 mm) during other months.[5] Rainfall is scarce (average 70 mm per year), falling on isolated days mostly between October to March. During cool winter nights the temperature can rarely drop below 7 degrees Celsius.

[edit] Demographics

FANAR Islamic Centre, Souq Waqif
The demography of Doha is unusual in that the majority of residents are expatriates, with Qatari nationals forming a minority. The largest portion of expatriates in Qatar are from South Asian countries, mainly India, Pakistan, the Philippines and Bangladesh, with large amounts of expatriates also coming from the Levant Arab countries, North Africa, and East Asia. Doha is also home to expatriates from the United States, Canada, France, South Africa, United Kingdom and Australia as well as many other countries from all over the world.
In the past, expatriates in Qatar were not allowed to own land; however, now people who are not Qatari citizens can buy land in several areas of Doha, including the West Bay Lagoon, the Qatar Pearl and the new Lusail City. Ownership by foreigners in Qatar entitles them to a renewable residency permit, which allows them to live and work in Qatar.
Each month tens of thousands immigrate to Qatar and it is estimated that within a few years the population will reach one million. [6] Due to the high influx of incoming residents, there was a severe shortage of housing, but some financial analysts predict that the 2009 housing stock will greatly overshoot demand.
Even though the official religion is Islam, the Emir allocated land in 2006 and 2007 to build churches. In March 2008, the first Catholic Church was opened, but out of respect for locals, Christian symbols are not displayed publicly. Five other churches are under construction.
Year Population Metro
1986 217,294[3]
1992 313,639[3] [7]
2001 299,300[8]
2004 339,847 [9] 612,707
2005 400,051[2][10][11]
2008
998,651[12]

[edit] Districts

The following is a list of some of Doha's more prominent districts:
Enlarge
Doha's skyline seen from the south side of Doha Bay, with the Museum of Islamic Art in the foreground.

[edit] Economy

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Please help improve this article by adding reliable references. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (February 2009)
Construction along the Doha Corniche
Much of Qatar's oil and natural gas wealth is visible in Doha, which is the economic centre of Qatar. Doha is home to the headquarters of the country's largest oil and gas companies, including Qatar Petroleum, Qatargas and RasGas. Doha's economy is built on the revenue the country has made from its oil and natural gas industries, and the Qatari government is rapidly trying to diversify the Qatari economy in order to move away from this dependence on oil. As a result, Doha is currently experiencing a very large boom, with the city developing very rapidly - this is mostly the result of Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa's modernization program.
Like the nearby city of Dubai in the United Arab Emirates, Doha's economy is moving away from its dependency on the oil and natural gas industries, although unlike Dubai, Doha's main focus is not tourism. Doha is seeing huge amounts of growth, with the population of the city increasing by more than 60,000 between 2004 and 2006; this has caused a boom in the real estate sector, with real estate prices skyrocketing[citation needed]. According to the BBC, as of late January 2007, Doha is now a more expensive city than Dubai in terms of real estate prices. This rate of growth has led to projects such as the Lusail City project, which is being constructed north of Doha and will eventually house 200,000 people. Construction is also booming in Doha, a result of increasing corporate and commercial activity in Doha. This is most visible with the changing skyline of the city, as Doha has over 50 towers currently being constructed, the largest of which is the Dubai Towers. At the same time, 39 new hotels are joining Qatar's booming tourism market, adding about 9,000 new rooms by 2009.
Qatar Airways is headquartered in the Qatar Airways Tower in Doha.[13]
Some key projects in Doha include:

[edit] Transportation

Main article: Transportation in Doha
Corniche Street
By air, Doha is currently served by the Doha International Airport, Qatar's only international airport. The airport is the hub of Qatar Airways, a leading regional airline that has recently witnessed a huge expansion. The current airport's facilities have been expanded numerous times in the last decade, but because of the airport's proximity to the city, space for expansion is limited. As a result, a new airport, the New Doha International Airport, is being constructed east of the current airport. The new airport is expected to have a final capacity of 50 million passengers upon completion of its final phase in 2015, and the airport is expected to solve all of the problems currently faced by the current airport. The new airport, at more than 2,000 hectares, will be one of the largest in the world.
Doha has an excellent road network which is currently undergoing vast upgrades, including the construction of many highways. The largest such highway under construction is the Doha expressway. Doha has an extensive bus system operated by the Mowasalat company, which also operates taxis under its Karwa brand. The main mode of transport in Doha, however, is the car, as the bus system is mostly used by the lower-income groups of the country, and there is no metro system operating in the city, although there are plans for the construction of such a system.
The Doha Port is among the country's largest ports, and is located just off the Doha Corniche. The port is the main seaport servicing Doha, although plans for a new port are underway due to the port's location in central Doha and the resultant traffic and pollution problems, the proposed location of the port is near the town of Al Wakra, just south of the New Doha airport.
Doha's most prevalent cause of death is from road accidents, which occur on a frequency of 15-22 per day.

[edit] Education

Qatar University
Education has been a major focus of the Qatari government in recent years. In addition to Qatar University, established in 1973, the government has solicited other universities to establish campuses in Doha, most notably at Education City.
Education City is one of the main project of the non-profit organization Qatar Foundation for Education, Science and Community Development. It has also launched the World Innovation Summit for Education - WISE - a global forum that brings together education stakeholders, opinion leaders and decision makers from all over the world to discuss educational issues. The first edition will be held in Doha, Qatar from November 16th to 18th 2009.
A key player in the educational field in Qatar is the Supreme Council of Communication and Information Technology ictQATAR. Through its e-education program, ictQATAR is bringing together the power of education and ICT in Qatar.
Doha is also home to many international schools established for its expatriate communities, with dozens of different private schools currently operating in the city, such as Qatar Academy, Qatar International School, The American School of Doha, Doha College, DeBakey High School for Health Professions at Qatar, The Qatar Canadian School, Bangladesh M.H.M High School & College, Doha-Qatar and The MES Indian School.
Universities/colleges within Education City: (See Education City)
Other Universities/colleges around Doha:

[edit] Sports

View of the Doha Sports City during the 2006 Asian Games opening ceremony
Jet ski riders, a common view near the Doha Corniche during evenings
Doha is home to a number of sports stadiums, many of which were renovated in preparation for the 15th Asian Games, held in December 2006, which Doha spent $2.8 billion for preparation. Doha also hosted the 3rd West Asian Games in December 2005. Doha is also expected to host the 2011 Asian Indoor Games; Doha will also host the finals for the 2011 AFC Asian Cup. Qatar is aiming to be the region's sports capital.
Sports venues in Doha and its suburbs include:
ASPIRE Academy, launched in 2004, is a sports academy which aims to create world-class athletes. It is situated in the Doha Sports City Complex, which also includes the Khalifa International Stadium, the Hamad Aquatic Centre and the Aspire Tower.
The MotoGP motorcycling grand prix of Doha is held annually at Losail International Circuit, located just north of the city.
Under-construction stadiums/sport facilities:
The Wall Stadium would become the world's largest underground stadium, dwarfing the Fjellhallen ice-hockey arena in Norway, and would be the main venue for the 2011 AFC Asian Cup[17]. The stadium is estimated to cost 20 million dollars. The stadium will have the latest technology and roads leading to the stadium will be easy. While the New Paralympic stadium south of the new City of Lusail will be the most advance Paralympic stadium.
In 2001 Qatar also became the first country in the Middle East to hold a women’s tennis tournament: Qatar holds both the Qatar Open for Women and the ladies ITF tournament. Since 2008 and at least for 3 years, the Sony Ericsson Championships (equivalent to the ATP's season-ending Championships) takes place in Doha, in the Khalifa International Tennis Complex, and features record prize money of $4.45 million (check of $1,485,000 for the winner, which represents the largest single guaranteed payout in women's tennis today [18]).
Doha submitted a bid for the 2016 Olympics.[19] It already had more than 70% of the venues ready that were used during the Asian Games in 2006. If Doha had won, an olympic village would have been constructed and would have had the shape of a dove and been 67 hectares in size with a capacity of 18,000 people, housing officials, athletes and coaches.[20] (See Doha 2016 Olympic bid) On June 4, 2008, the city was eliminated from the shortlist for the 2016 Olympic Games.
In November 2009, Doha will host the The Oryx Cup World Championship. This is a hydroplane boat race in the American Boat Racing Association season. The race will take place in Doha Bay on the Persian Gulf . The American Boat Racing Association (ABRA) and the Qatar Marine Sports Federation (QMSF) agreed to have the final race of the 2009 ABRA unlimited hydroplane season in Doha. Ten of the fastest racing boats in the world will travel to Doha November 2009 for the inaugural Oryx Cup event—the ABRA World Championship—as a result of an Agreement in Principal reached January 9 between the ABRA and the QMSF.

[edit] Twin towns


[edit] See also


[edit] References

  1. ^ Qatar 2004 Census
  2. ^ a b Sheraton Doha Hotel & Resort | Hotel discount bookings in Qatar
  3. ^ a b c Doha - Britannica Online Encyclopedia
  4. ^ "Climate". Allmetsat. http://en.allmetsat.com/climate/oman-emirates-qatar-bahrain.php?code=41170. Retrieved July 5 2008. 
  5. ^ Doha weather information
  6. ^ Gulf Times – Qatar’s top-selling English daily newspaper - First Page
  7. ^ Capital Doha Population 484
  8. ^ Doha
  9. ^ Sudan Airways - Doha
  10. ^ SightSeeBySpace.com - Capitals of the World - Qatar, Doha - Doha capital city of Qatar
  11. ^ http://www.hotelsdoha.eu/
  12. ^ Doha 2016 Summer Olympic Games Bid
  13. ^ "Worldwide Offices." Qatar Airways. Retrieved on 9 February 2009.
  14. ^ SkyscraperCity - View Single Post - U/C: the Wall Stadium (MZ& Partners)
  15. ^ SkyscraperCity - View Single Post - Doha votes to host the olympics 2016 !!!
  16. ^ GamesBids.com - Olympic Bid News and Information Website
  17. ^ SkyscraperCity - View Single Post - #News: Qatar bids to host 2011 Asian Cup
  18. ^ http://www.sonyericssonwtatour.com/3/newsroom/stories/?ContentID=1482 "Season to End in Doha 2008-2010" on the Sony Ericsson WTA Tour website
  19. ^ Information on 2016 Olympic Games Bids
  20. ^ Doha 2016

[edit] External links

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